Post by cruororism on Oct 10, 2003 11:15:53 GMT
February 1993: Thompson and Venables lure James Bulger away from his mother while at a butcher's shop in the Bootle Strand shopping centre in Liverpool. Closed-circuit television cameras capture images of Thompson and Venables walking out of the centre with James, leading him by the hand. They walk 2 1/2 miles to a rail line, where they beat and stone James to death and leave him on the tracks to be cut in two by a train.
November 1993: Following their arrest, Thompson and Venables are tried as adults in a courtroom in Preston, England. The jury finds them both guilty of murder, and the trial judge, Justice Morland, sentences them to be held for an indefinite period but not less than eight years.
December 1993: The Lord Chief Justice, Lord Taylor of Gosforth, increases the sentence from eight to 10 years, writing, "I have well in mind that the trial judge is in a better position than I to assess these two boys and their crime; also I agree that a much lesser tariff should apply than in the case of an adult. But I think the minimum period for punishment and deterrence should be 10 years."
Summer 1994: UK Home Secretary Michael Howard increases the sentences to 15 years, citing a petition signed by more than 275,000 people in support of life sentences and thousands of other signatures and letters demanding life terms or minimum 25-year sentences.
June 1997: Following judicial review proceedings, the House of Lords overturns the decision of Home Secretary Michael Howard to extend Thomson and Venables' sentences to 15 years, but the House of Lords sets no minimum term.
Former Home Secretary Michael Howard extended the sentences to 15 years, but his decision was overturned
March 1999: The European Commission of Human Rights rules that Thompson and Venables were unfairly treated because their trial was "severely intimidatory" and held in a "highly charged" atmosphere. The pair had been tried in an adult court with some modifications in recognition of their age, such as a raised dock and shorter hearing hours. But the panel voted 14-5 that the proceedings violated Article 6 of the European Human Rights Convention.
December 1999: The European Court of Human Rights, echoing the conclusion of the European Commission of Human Rights, rules that Thompson and Venables had been treated unfairly because they were tried as adults. The European court says the rights of the two boys also were violated by the decision of then-British Home Secretary Michael Howard to increase their sentences to 15 years. The European court did not void Thompson and Venables' sentences but put pressure on Britain to amend legal practices, such as the right of a government minister to set prison terms for minors or send juveniles accused of serious offences to trial in an adult court.
October 2000: Lord Woolf, the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, reinstates Thompson and Venables' eight-year sentence, making them eligible for parole in February 2001. "The two boys have made striking progress in the secure unit in which they have been detained," Lord Woolf tells a packed London courtroom. Lord Woolf had been given the task of reviewing the killers' minimum sentence after the European Court of Human Rights ruled in 1999 that fixing of sentences for juvenile killers by the Home Secretary was a breach of the European Human Rights Convention and was something that only a court could decide.
